Volunteers sweep the boardwalk in after the 2012. Volunteering is generally considered an activity where an individual or group provides services for no financial gain 'to benefit another person, group or organization'. Volunteering is also renowned for skill development and is often intended to promote goodness or to improve human. Volunteering may have positive benefits for the volunteer as well as for the person or community served. It is also intended to make contacts for possible employment.

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Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as,,. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Etymology and history [ ] The verb was first recorded in 1755. It was derived from the noun volunteer, in.1600, 'one who offers himself for military service,' from the voluntaire. In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s. The word volunteering has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase community service. In a military context, a is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted.

Such volunteers do not work 'for free' and are given regular pay. 19th century [ ] During this time, America experienced the. People became aware of the disadvantaged and realized the cause for movement against slavery.

Younger people started helping the needy in their communities [ ]. In 1851, the first in the United States was started, followed seven years later by the first. During the, women volunteered their time to sew supplies for the soldiers and the 'Angel of the Battlefield' and a team of volunteers began providing aid to servicemen.

Barton founded the in 1881 and began mobilizing volunteers for disaster relief operations, including relief for victims of the in 1889. 20th and 21st centuries [ ]. Greets volunteers on 28 August 1961 The is one of the oldest and largest organizations working for disadvantaged people. Though it is a, it has organized a number of volunteering programs since its inception. Prior to the 19th century, few formal charitable organizations existed to assist people in need.

In the first few decades of the 20th century, several volunteer organizations were founded, including the,,, and. Saw one of the first large-scale, nationwide efforts to coordinate volunteering for a specific need. During World War II, thousands of volunteer offices supervised the volunteers who helped with the many needs of the military and the, including collecting supplies, entertaining soldiers on leave, and caring for the injured. After, people shifted the focus of their altruistic passions to other areas, including helping the poor and volunteering overseas. A major development was the in the United States in 1960. When President declared a War on Poverty in 1964, volunteer opportunities started to expand and continued into the next few decades.

The process for finding volunteer work became more formalized, with more volunteer centers forming and new ways to find work appearing on the. According to the Corporation for National and Community Service (in 2012), about 64.5 million Americans, or 26.5 percent of the adult population, gave 7.9 billion hours of volunteer service worth $175 billion. This calculates at about 125–150 hours per year or 3 hours per week at a rate of $22 per hour. Volunteer hours in the UK are similar; the data for other countries is unavailable. In 1960, after the so called revolutionary war in Cuba ended, Ernesto Che Guevara created the concept of volunteering work. It was created with the intention that workers across the country volunteer a few hour of work on their work centers. Types [ ] Volunteering as utilized by service learning programs [ ] Many schools on all education levels offer programs, which allow students to serve the community through volunteering while earning educational credit.

According to Alexander Astin in the foreword to Where's the Learning in Service-Learning? By Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, Jr.,'.we promote more wide-spread adoption of service-learning in higher education because we see it as a powerful means of preparing students to become more caring and responsible parents and citizens and of helping colleges and universities to make good on their pledge to 'serve society.'

' When describing service learning, the Medical Education at Harvard says, 'Service learning unites academic study and volunteer community service in mutually reinforcing ways.service learning is characterized by a relationship of partnership: the student learns from the service agency and from the community and, in return, gives energy, intelligence, commitment, time and skills to address human and community needs.' Volunteering in service learning seems to have the result of engaging both mind and heart, thus providing a more powerful learning experience; according to Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, it succeeds by the fact that it '.fosters student development by capturing student interest.' : 1–2,8 While not recognized by everyone as a legitimate approach, research on the efficacy of service learning has grown.: xv-xvii Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles conducted a national study of American college students to ascertain the significance of service learning programs,: xvi According to Eyler and Giles,'These surveys, conducted before and after a semester of community service, examine the impact of service-learning on students.'

: xvi They describe their experience with students involved in service-learning in this way: 'Students like service-learning. When we sit down with a group of students to discuss service-learning experiences, their enthusiasm is unmistakable.it is clear that [the students]believe that what they gain from service-learning differs qualitatively from what they often derive from more traditional instruction.' : 1–2 Skills-based volunteering [ ] Skills-based volunteering is leveraging the specialized skills and the talents of individuals to strengthen the infrastructure of nonprofits, helping them build and sustain their capacity to successfully achieve their missions. This is in contrast to traditional volunteering, where specific training is not required.

[ ] The average hour of traditional volunteering is valued by the Independent Sector at between $18–20 an hour. Skills-based volunteering is valued at $40–500 an hour, depending on the market value of the time. [ ] Volunteering in developing countries [ ]. Poses with volunteers An increasingly popular form of volunteering among young people, particularly students and graduates, is to travel to communities in the to work on projects with local organisations. Activities include teaching English, working in orphanages, conservation, assisting non-governmental organizations and medical work.

International volunteering often aims to give participants valuable skills and knowledge in addition to benefits to the host community and organization. Virtual volunteering [ ]. Further information: Also called e-volunteering or online volunteering, virtual volunteering is a volunteer who completes tasks, in whole or in part, offsite from the organization being assisted. They use the Internet and a home, school, or work computer, or other Internet-connected device, such as a. Virtual volunteering is also known as cyber service, telementoring, and teletutoring, as well as various other names. Virtual volunteering is similar to, except that instead of online employees who are paid, these are online volunteers who are not paid. Micro-volunteering [ ].

Volunteers assist survivors at the Houston Astrodome following. Volunteering often plays a pivotal role in the recovery effort following natural disasters, such as tsunamis, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and earthquakes. For example, the 1995 in Japan was a watershed moment, bringing in many first-time. The attracted a large number of volunteers worldwide, deployed by, government agencies, and the. During the 2012 hurricane Sandy emergency, volunteers, formed a laterally organized rapid-response team that provided much needed help during and after the storm, from food to shelter to reconstruction. It is an example of at work, pooling resources and assistance and leveraging social media. Volunteering in schools [ ] Resource poor schools around the world rely on government support or on efforts from volunteers and private donations, in order to run effectively.

In some countries, whenever the economy is down, the need for volunteers and resources increases greatly. There are many opportunities available in school systems for volunteers. Yet, there are not many requirements in order to volunteer in a school system. Whether one is a high school or TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) graduate or college student, most schools require just voluntary and selfless effort. Much like the benefits of any type of volunteering there are great rewards for the volunteer, student, and school.

Berliner Testament Muster Pdf To Word. In addition to intangible rewards, volunteers can add relevant experience to their resumes. Volunteers who travel to assist may learn foreign culture and language. Volunteering in schools can be an additional teaching guide for the students and help to fill the gap of local teachers.

Cultural and language exchange during teaching and other school activities can be the most essential learning experience for both students and volunteers. Corporate volunteering [ ].

Further information: Benefacto, a volunteering brokerage, describe corporate volunteering as 'Companies giving their employees an allowance of paid time off annually, which they use to volunteer at a charity of their choice.' A majority of the companies at the allow their employees to volunteer during work hours. These formalized Employee Volunteering Programs (EVPs), also called Employer Supported Volunteering (ESV), are regarded as a part of the companies' sustainability efforts and their social responsibility activities. About 40% of Fortune 500 companies provide monetary, also known as, to nonprofits as a way to recognize employees who dedicate significant amounts of time to volunteering in the community. According to the information from, a service that provides Employee Volunteering Program solutions, the key drivers for companies that produce and manage EVPs are building and affinity, strengthening trust and loyalty among consumers, enhancing and reputation, improving, increasing and loyalty, and providing an effective vehicle to reach strategic goals. Community volunteer work [ ].

Volunteers fit new windows at the in,,. Community volunteering refers globally to those who work to improve their local community. This activity commonly occurs through not for profit organizations, local governments and churches; but also encompasses ad-hoc or informal groups such as recreational sports teams.

Benefits of community volunteer work [ ] There are many proven personal benefits of community volunteerism. Working together with a group of people who have different ethnicity, backgrounds, and views reduces stereotypes. Community volunteerism has also been proven to improve student's academic success. [ ] According to Where's the Learning in Service Learning?

By Janet Eyler and Dwight E. Giles, immersing oneself into service learning and serving others has many positive effects both academic and personal. Not only does surrounding oneself with new people and learning how to work together as a group help one improve teamwork and relational skills, it reduces stereotypes, increases appreciation of other cultures, and works to allow young people to find others that they relate to. Eyler and Giles noted that at the beginning and end of a college semester that included three hours of community service a week, students reported a much higher regard for cultural differences. At the end of the semester those who had participated in service-learning were noted as saying that the most important things that they had learned were not to judge others, and to appreciate every type of person because everyone shares some similar key characteristics. Community volunteer work has proven to be a powerful predictor in students' academic lives and college experience as a whole.

Studies have shown that students who participate in community service as a part of their college course of study have a much higher correlation of completing their degree (Astin, 1992; Pascarella and Terenzini, 1991 ). In addition, college students who participate in community volunteer projects as a part of their college experience report finding a much greater relevance in their academic studies after completing community volunteer projects. Social volunteering or welfare volunteering [ ] In some European countries government organisations and non-government organisations provide auxiliary positions for a certain period in institutions like hospitals, schools, memorial sites and welfare institutions. The difference to other types of volunteering is that there are strict legal regulations, what organisation is allowed to engage volunteers and about the period a volunteer is allowed to work in a voluntary position.

Due to that fact, the volunteer is getting a limited amount as a pocket money from the government. An organization having one of the biggest manpower in is the German (Bundesfreiwilligendienst), that was founded in 2011, by having more than 35.000 federal volunteers in 2012. A much older institution is the (Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr) in and. Volunteer Days, Weeks & Years [ ] Designated days, weeks and years observed by a country or as designated by the to encourage volunteering / community service • • • • • • • • • • • Political view [ ]. Further information: Modern societies share a common value of people helping each other; not only do volunteer acts assist others, but they also benefit the volunteering individual on a personal level. Despite having similar objectives, tension can arise between volunteers and state-provided services. In order to curtail this tension, most countries develop policies and enact legislation to clarify the roles and relationships among governmental stakeholders and their voluntary counterparts; this regulation identifies and allocates the necessary legal, social, administrative, and financial support of each party.

This is particularly necessary when some voluntary activities are seen as a challenge to the authority of the state(e.g., on 29 January 2001, President Bush cautioned that volunteer groups should supplement—not replace—government agencies’ work). Volunteering that benefits the state but challenges paid counterparts angers labor unions that represent those who are paid for their volunteer work; this is particularly seen in combination departments, such as.

Difficulties in cross-national aid [ ]. See also: Difficulties in the cross-national aid model of volunteering can arise when it is applied across national borders. The presence of volunteers who are sent from one state to another can be viewed as a breach of and showing a lack of respect towards the national government of the proposed recipients. Thus, motivations are important when states negotiate offers to send aid and when these proposals are accepted, particularly if donors may postpone assistance or stop it altogether. • Wilson, John (2000).. Annual Review of Sociology (26): 215.:. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

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• ^ Janet Eyler (1999),, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,, •. National Service Resources. • • Check url= value (). Independent Sector. Retrieved 15 April 2015. UN Volunteers.

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• Winfield, Mark.. • Astin, A.W. What Matters in College: Four Critical Years Revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. • Pascarella and Terenzini, E.T. How College Affects Students: Findings and Insights from Twenty Years of Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

• Eyler and Giles, Jr., Janet and Dwight (1999). Where's the Learning in Service-Learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. • • • • News • • ISBN reference for Volunteering Visions, Publisher: The Federation Press, Edited by: and, •. Retrieved 2007-07-12. • Xu, Y; Ngai, N. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.

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The American occupational structure. New York: Wiley. • Xu, Y; Ngai, N. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly.

Retrieved 17 April 2011. • Xu, Y.; Ngai, N. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Retrieved 17 April 2011. Retrieved 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2016-10-12. • Bezruchka, S.

Medical Tourism as Medical Harm to the Third World: Why? For Whom?, 11, 77-78. • Roberts, M. Duffle Bag Medicine., 295, 1491-1492. • Pinto, A.D., & Upshur, R.E.G. Global Health Ethics for Students., 9, 1-10. The Conversation.

Retrieved 2016-11-11. • Geiser, Ch.; Okun, M.

Astro Saber Ava. A.; Grano, C. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling. Further reading [ ] • Georgeou, Nichole, Neoliberalism, Development, and Aid Volunteering, New York: Routledge, 2012. • Stebbins, Robert A. 'Leisure and the Motive to Volunteer'.

Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. External links [ ] Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Has original text related to this article.